Operant conditioning, whereby a game offers players extrinsic rewards such as points, badges or tokens, or creates a sense of success or mastery that is contingent on the desired learning or certain behavior. Games can both teach skills and allow rehearsal or integration of these skills ( Fleming et al., 2017) through many mechanisms such as:. Digital gaming represents a novel domain with which to explore and validate new and existing models of technology adoption and adherence.Ĭomputer games offer opportunities for learning, whether it be improving reaction time (as in a shooter game), learning more about ancient civilizations (as in some adventure games), or rehearsing social skills or problem solving (as in some serious games). Additional research is needed to better understand older adults’ motivation to engage in game play and predictors of game preference. Unfortunately, older adult game preference and gaming habits have been a relatively understudied topic. This may not be surprising given the potential mismatch between the visual, attentional, and processing speed demands of popular action, sports, and strategy games and older adults’ poorer perceptual/cognitive abilities. Instead, slower-paced games that emphasize intellectual challenge tend to be popular with older gamers ( Pearce, 2008). Fast-paced and violent first-person shooters, one of the most popular game genres overall, tend to be unpopular with older adults ( De Schutter, 2011 Nap, de Kort, IJsselsteijn, 2009 McKay & Maki, 2010).
De Schutter partly attributed the popularity of casual games among older adults to the ease with which these relatively simple/familiar games can be learned. Games included in this category were puzzle games, computerized versions of card/board games, and games with simple dynamics and controls. For example, De Schutter (2011) surveyed older adults (ages 45–85) and found that PC-based casual games were most popular among this sample, with the need for challenge being the primary motivation for game play. However, several survey and focus group studies suggest that the types of games that older gamers play, or would like to play, are different from the games that are most popular among younger gamer cohorts. In 2013, the violent action game Grand Theft Auto V became one of the best-selling games of all time, with sales reaching over a billion dollars faster than any other entertainment property. Boot, in Handbook of the Psychology of Aging (Eighth Edition), 2016 Game Preferences of Older AdultsĪction/ shooter games and sports games tend to be the most popular console video games, and strategy and roleplaying games tend to be most popular non-console games as indicated by the top selling games of 2012.
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